Taiwan religion and culture. In: Philip Clart/Charles B.

Taiwan religion and culture Jones (Hrsg. a feature that the bureau said was intended to deepen understanding among persons in Taiwan of Muslim culture Taiwan's religious beliefs are diverse and integrated, and together they form an important part of Taiwanese culture. But most Additionally, 56. In N estled in the heart of East Asia, Taiwan is a captivating island nation known for its stunning natural beauty, rich history, and vibrant cultural scene. Taiwan’s Culture & Festivals insights into Taiwan’s indeginious festivals, parades, events, and public holidays. ” It is by Julian Pas, the justly Mengjia Longshan Temple is a Chinese folk religion temple with both Buddhist and Taoist deities Main path at Fo Guang Shan Buddha Museum Statue of Mazu (Chinese sea goddess) in Kinmen. Acknowledgments: The research was made possible in part by the Chinese Spirituality and Society Program: A Research and Training Initiative, which was generously funded by the John Templeton Foundation. Culture of Azerbaijan. From the colorful temples dedicated to various gods and goddesses to the majestic pagodas that tower over the landscape, Taiwan’s religious architecture is a testament to the country’s rich cultural heritage. The constitution provides for freedom of religious belief. . Therefore the following information is for reference only and is just a general guide for procedures for elderly Taiwanese people that die, and may vary between families and Religion, Customs, and Culture This is the page for Religion, and Customs and Culture. As a consequence, Taiwan is sometimes said to be ‘more Chinese than China’ So there you have it – 7 fascinating religious practices in Taiwanese culture that may have piqued your interest. Beginning with the cession of Taiwan to Japan in 1895 and the currents of modernization that accompanied it, the essays move on to explore the developments that have taken place as Buddhists, Daoists, Christians, non-Han Taiwanese popular religion has encountered significant challenges due to the sweeping social changes accompanying the modernization of Taiwanese society. Around the holidays, you will often catch people leaving a table of offerings or burning incense or “joss” (ghost money) in small canisters in front of their homes and Religious Architecture and Art. Buddhism, Daoism, Yiguandao, and also Christianity, Islam, aboriginal religions: These are just some of the faces of Taiwanese religion. There were about 12,000 convenience stores in Taiwan in 2022, but the number of high-density convenience stores is even far lesser than religious sites. Beginning with the cession of Taiwan to Japan in 1895 and the currents of modernization that accompanied it, the essays move on to explore the developments that have taken place as Buddhists, Daoists, Christians, non-Han aborigines, Frettingham, Edmund and Hwang, Yih-Jye. Taiwan is highly diversified in terms of religious belief, with the practices of Buddhism, Taoism, Christianity, Mormonism, Yiguandao, the Unification Church, Catholicism, Islam, Eastern Taiwan’s religious environment is characterised by tremendous diversity and tolerance. This thesis aims to analyze the religion, Confucian culture and educational philosophy in Taiwan. Daoism, and Taiwan folk religion and ancestor worship. [email protected] +44 0330 027 0207 or +1 (818) 532-6908 +44 0330 027 0207 Religions: mixture of Buddhist and Cultural heritage: Taiwan has a rich history and diverse cultural traditions, and religion plays a vital role in preserving and passing on these traditions. Why? One reason is that many festivals throughout the country have Religion And Beliefs . The beliefs we asked about come from a variety of traditions and are popular across religious groups in Taiwan. Taiwanese government statistics distinguish Buddhism from Taoism, giving almost equal numbers for both. Charles Brewer Jones. ), Religion in Modern Taiwan: Tradition and Innovation in a Changing Society. The 16 officially recognized ethnic groups differ markedly in notions of deities, spirits, ancestors, classes of beings, and ritual groupings. Google Scholar Presbyterian Church (1971): Statement on our National Fate. They live and work among the working-class Taiwanese. Includes customs, culture, history, geography, economy current events, photos, video, and more. Infoplease has everything you need to know about Taiwan. Taiwan Overview - Overview - Customs and Culture - Diet and Recipes - Language - Religion - Events and Holidays - not encouraged in the culture at large, even for Buddhists. Another example is Mazu’s birthday, which involves a 350-km trek in Taichung that is said to be the biggest religious Taiwan is extraordinarily progressive in Asia, especially compared with mainland China. With a diverse population comprised of indigenous peoples, Han Chinese, and immigrants from around the world, Taiwanese culture is a captivating blend of indigenous traditions, Chinese influences, and modern innovations that The religious landscape of Taiwan is made of a large variety of denominations. This somewhat reflects a generational divide within Taiwanese society, with the older generation being more likely to perceive Taiwan as a part of China than the younger generation. Another evident influence is Western culture, particularly among the younger generation Many cultural observers have credited this to the Japanese cultural influence, as the Japanese are known for their manner and order. 5% others. 5 percent). From the bustling temples in Taipei to the serene shrines in the countryside, religious practices are deeply woven into the fabric of Taiwanese life. $46. The best-known uniquely Hakka religious celebration is the Yimin Festival (Yimin means righteous commoners) one of the few religious festivities to have originated in Taiwan. The wedding ceremony usually takes place in a temple or a banquet hall, and it’s a family-oriented event where the couple’s parents and relatives play a significant role in the planning and execution. Commemorated are about 200 brave men who fell fighting an uprising in 1786 in cooperation with imperial officials (and not incidentally defending their own homes and granaries). Culture January 11, 2023 462 . Leamaster, Miao Li, Jun Lu, Stephen Teiser, Alice Wang, Dingan Wang, Zhenyu Tang, and the anonymous In Taiwanese culture, it is very important to have a son pass on the family name solely for these funeral rites. For instance, 87% of people in Taiwan believe in karma, compared with 48% in South Korea. These festivals are an essential part of the Taiwanese culture, and they reflect the country’s rich history and traditions. RELIGION IN TAIWAN AT THE END OF THE JAPANESE COLONIAL PERIOD Download; XML; STABILITY AND CHANGE IN TAIWAN’S RELIGIOUS CULTURE Download; XML; CARRYING CONFUCIANISM INTO THE MODERN WORLD:: The Taiwan Case Download; XML; CHINESE TRADITION AND TAIWANESE MODERNITY:: Morality Books as Social Commentary and Religion And Beliefs . From the ancient Chinese religious beliefs OT-2308. Mandarin speakers comprise at least 90 per cent of the population, Taiwanese speakers 78 per cent, and Hakka Taiwan, located in East Asia, is a country rich in cultural history and traditions. Walking into any indigenous village in Taiwan, we can always catch a glimpse of church buildings and bright red crosses. Christian Jochim demonstrates Curious about the religions in Taiwan? Read more about the different religions found in Taiwan here. Both essays provide a broader historical context for understanding the analyses of individual religious traditions in the remaining essays. Many statistical analyses try to distinguish between Buddhism and Taoism in Taiwan, which, along with Confucianism, are rather aspects within broader "ancient Chinese religion". Culture of Taiwan - Religion. The traditional religions of Taiwan’s Indigenous people (Austronesian speaking) are very diverse. Taiwan Culture. Overall, the Lantern Festival is a beautiful display of Taiwanese art and craftsmanship. Development of Confucianism in Taiwan When visiting Taiwan, you will be able to come in touch with all aspects of this beautiful country's multifaceted cultures. Citation: Religion in Modern Taiwan: Tradition and Innovation in a Changing Society. Taiwan Culture reflects the customs and traditions of Taiwanese people. Religion in Taiwan is characterised by a diversity of religious beliefs and practices, predominantly those pertaining to the continued preservation of the ancient Chinese culture and religion. Unlike China, the government in Taiwan does not interfere with any cultural or religious affairs. University of Hawai’i Press, 2003. In May, the Legislative Yuan (parliament) passed a law allowing qualified religious groups to change the registration of real estate assets formerly held in the name of individual members. B Religious Beliefs In Taiwan Mengjia Longshan Temple is a Chinese folk religion temple in Taiwan. [email protected] +44 0330 027 0207 or +1 (818) 532-6908 +44 0330 027 0207 Religions: mixture of Buddhist and The culture of Taiwan is a blend of Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism, as well as traditional Chinese culture and indigenous Austronesian cultures. J. ed. The culture is a blend of aboriginal cultures, Taiwanese folk cultures, Chinese classical culture, and Western-influenced modern culture. [2] The common socio-political experience in Taiwan gradually developed into a sense of Taiwanese Taiwan authorities conducted outreach to the Muslim community – for example, by organizing an Islamic cultural exhibit in coordination with civil society groups and foreign missions of Muslim countries. p. Taiwan is also the most religious region in the Chinese-speaking world, with 93% of people following a mixture of Buddhism, Confucianism, and Taoism, 4. Other religious practices include Christianity, Mormonism, the Unification Church, Islam, Hinduism, as well as native sects such as Yiguandao. The emphasis on orthopraxy in Taiwanese popular religion offers a unique perspective on how religion adapts to modernization. [ 1 ] Chinese folk religion in Taiwan is framed by the ritual ministry exerted by the Zhengyi Taoist clergy ( sanju daoshi ), independent orders of fashi (non Many of the lanterns are adorned with religious symbols and icons, reflecting the strong influence of Buddhism and Taoism in Taiwanese culture. About 81% of the population of Taiwan Religions Practiced in Taiwan. Daoism is responsible for nourishing and expanding a number of ideas often perceived as central to Chinese culture, including yin and Striving to fulfill its commitment of keeping a grassroots religion alive, creating an old-meets-new vision and a cycle of "new culture", and innovating on the basis of tradition, the palatial Dalongdong Bao'an Temple, along with its ornate decorations and spatial layout, represents unconventional thinking and methods regarding three Religion in Modern Taiwan takes a new look at Taiwan's current religious traditions and their fortunes during the twentieth century. Religion has deeply influenced traditional Taiwanese music, and continues to shape contemporary Taiwanese music and performing arts. Gendering a social role--creating expectations that one gender will hold a particular role-has consequences for both social and cultural dynamics. 4 percent), or Protestant churches (15. Religion in Modern Taiwan takes a new look at Taiwan's current religious traditions and their fortunes during the twentieth century. Historically, laws regarding religion in China and Taiwan differ considerably, and these differences have increased in recent years. There are no minimum financial requirements for registration of temples or religious social groups. In contrast with (eds. "12. The prevalent form of religious belief in Taiwan is a blend of Buddhism, Taoism, and Chinese folk religion, including ancestor worship. Religion and the State in Post-war Taiwan 397 1980s One fascinating aspect of Taiwanese culture is the intricate art of paper cutting, which showcases the country’s rich artistic heritage. During those years the adherents of Taoism had to worship their gods surreptitiously in Buddhist temples, and after the country was returned to Chinese rule, the While the Communist Party repressed traditional culture, including folk religion, following its takeover of China in 1949, these practices thrived under the Kuomintang (KMT) government in Taiwan. There’s some competition between sects but almost no friction. Executive Summary . One other chapter is about “religious culture. This folk religion is mainly in the form of nature worship, totem worship, and ancestor worship and differs greatly from institutional religions with standardized doctrines and religious rituals. [1] Despite the overwhelming Chinese cultural influence and minority indigenous Taiwanese cultural influence, Japanese culture has significantly influenced Taiwanese culture as well. For instance, karma has deep roots in Buddhism, and 96% of Taiwanese Buddhists believe in it. There is no doubt in the fact that the culture of Taiwan merges and blends modernity with traditionalism. The Nationalists have failed to impose a Chinese national culture on the island, and the potential for a Taiwanese national culture is held in check by both the Nationalists and the People's Republic of China Taoism, on the other hand, is a traditional Chinese religion that emphasizes living in harmony with nature and the universe. Culture January 22, 2023 694 . Buddhism in Taiwan: Religion and the State, 1660-1990. However, opinions tend to differ regarding whether Taiwan’s cultural, ethnic and political identity is distinct from that of mainland China. 5% Christianity, and 2. In a previous blog, Brian shared about his experience of being a father in missions. Religion. Here, an active civil society is discussing history, tradition, culture, and religion as Taiwan faces age-old and modern questions of gender and sexuality, and I Unique hard to find content on Taiwan. This paper seeks to uncover the distinct dynamics at play, focusing on the transformation of procession troupes, which are an essential part of important religious events known as divine processions: The term Taiwanese religions is used here to describe the religious beliefs and practices of the people who inhabit Taiwan, regardless of their ethnic or sub-ethnic backgrounds. In the last chapter of this collection, Randall Nadeau and Chang Hsun point out that Taiwanese academic publications on religion in Taiwan have increased hugely in the last two decades. Can it be that all indigenous people in Taiwan are Christians? Rituals and ceremonies play an important role in indigenous religious culture, but under the influence of outsiders, Taiwan’s indigenous people begin to follow practices of Pas, Julian (2003): Stability and Change in Taiwan’s Religious Culture. “Many of the temples in Taiwan reflect a fusion of all three traditions,” Cultural Atlas observed. xviii, 259 pp. Under Xi Jinping’s rule, China seeks to revert to an earlier period of intertwined political and religious authority under the uncontested leadership of the Chinese Communist Party. These beliefs and practices also appear in society in different forms and on several platforms. These festivals are an integral part of Taiwanese culture and are attended by people from all walks of life. Aborigine culture showcases the traditions and beliefs of the indigenous people of Taiwan, while temple culture highlights the importance of religion and spirituality in Taiwanese culture. Languages and religions in Taiwan Taiwanese languages include the High Language of Mandarin, Low Taiwanese, the in-group Hakka and the many aboriginal languages (Huang, 1993). The 16 other religions tabulated by the Ministry of Interior include Islam (4. The prevalence of temples in Taiwan is indeed a unique phenomenon. Here are some of the most significant religious and cultural festivals in Taiwan: consensus. Many of the customs and rituals performed in Taiwanese temples have been passed Even with its rapid development, Taiwan has found a way to hold on to its cultural roots; it is not uncommon to see temples mixed in with high-rise buildings of major cities. Ira Helderman “Meditation madness”: meditation’s popularity, popular religion and unsupervised religion, Culture and Religion 23, Paul R. However, Taiwan is known for its vibrant religious and cultural festivals, which are deeply rooted in its folklore and mythology. Jones and Philip Clart. This article includes information about Traditional Chinese Folk Beliefs, Taoism, and Buddhism in Taiwan. In Taiwan, there is a blend of Taoism, Buddhism, Chinese folk religion, and ancestral worship, which make up the prevalent religious belief in the country. Julian Pas analyzes Taiwan’s religious culture since 1945 by focusing on four areas of change: religious rituals, organizations, entrepreneurship, and temple construction. (editors) Bonds and Boundaries in Northern Ghana and Southern Burkina Faso. Culture of Indonesia. Get ready to be amazed by the stunning architecture and intricate artwork found in Taiwan’s religious sites. Taiwan-wide religious social groups and local religious social groups may register with the MOI and local authorities, respectively. 1 percent) and Confucianism, described as “a philosophy with a religious function” (1 percent). Charles B. Confucianism, while not a religion, is a philosophical and ethical system that has had a significant influence on Taiwanese culture and society. Religion and National Identity in Taiwan: State Formation and Moral Sensibilities" In Religion and Nationalism in Chinese Societies edited by Cheng-tian Kuo, 339-372. more Because of its unique historical and geographical background, Taiwan has a rich and varied culture composed of elements taken from many different ethnic groups, including the indigenous peoples, the Dutch, the Spanish There are many aspects to the culture of Taiwan, from Traditional Values to Religious Customs, you can find an intriguing and yet exciting combustion of Western, Chinese and Japanese cultures in the beautiful Formosa. Taiwan's culture is also very inclusive, while developing its own religious culture, Christianity is prevalent in Taiwan, which is also related to its educational philosophy. The majority of Taiwanese people practice a See more Taiwan’s culture may be described as traditional and conservative, like most other Asian culture Taiwan’s culture, however, has also been influenced by traditional Japanese culture, which was more clan-oriented and feudal and gave high status to the military (traditionally, the samurai class). Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, Uppsala Studies in Cultural Anthropology 30 The heartbeat of Taiwanese culture is felt in its numerous festivals like the Lantern Festival illuminating the night skies and the Dragon Boat Festival, a testament to community spirit and ancient traditions. This article explores the development of religion in post-war Taiwan, particularly since the ending of martial law in 1987. Paper cutting, or jianzhi in Mandarin, refers to the intricate designs cut from paper using scissors or An account of religion in Taiwan from the Qing (1644-1895) to the Japanese colonial (1895-1945) periods as they dealt with political changes and modernity. Conclusion. So, you’ve had a glimpse of Taiwan’s rich religious festivals and traditions. 1% of the Taiwanese-born Australian population identified as not having a religion. Katz Identity Politics And The Study Of Popular Religion In Postwar Taiwan, (Jan 2003): In Taiwanese culture, I have observed that Confucianism represents an attitude of appreciation, respect, mutual understanding, and studiousness, and this attitude is the basis of a value system that influences almost every aspect of Taiwanese life. It is in fact a perfect combination of Confucianist Han Chinese cultures and European, Japanese, American, global, and local traditions. It has also been influenced by the culture of aboriginal peoples, which is tribe-oriented. Many of the customs and rituals performed in Taiwanese temples have been passed Taiwan’s religious environment is characterised by tremendous diversity and tolerance. Taiwan, much like other countries in modern day, has become increasingly diverse. More than 33,000 registered and unregistered religious sites exist in Taiwan. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2017. Cultural Diversity. The majority of Taiwanese people practice a combination of Buddhism and Religion is profuse in Taiwan, and this is reflected in publications. 6 million Taoists, out of a total population of 23 million. This may be in part due to the common perspective that Taoism and Confucianism are not Religion A Spiritual Sanctuary. Some observers have likened the mix of religions to threads which together create a Cultural heritage: Taiwan has a rich history and diverse cultural traditions, and religion plays a vital role in preserving and passing on these traditions. The island's aboriginal culture, which is a significant part of its heritage, thrives in mountainous regions, offering a unique insight Taiwan has relatively specific religious traditions and folk culture. 138. 6. The culture of Taiwan is a blend of Han Chinese and indigenous Taiwanese cultures. Since Chinese Buddhism has never been isolated from its religious surroundings, understanding Buddhism in Taiwan thus requires that we examine how it engages with this diverse Taiwanese Culture Taiwan Core Concepts Learn about the cultural concepts, history, demographics and social structures informing society Read More Religion Learn about the religious make-up of society and how religion influences daily life and culture Read More Family Understand family dynamics, household structures, gender roles and Visit the Definitions and Notes page to view a description of each topic. One of the most visible aspects of Taoism in Taiwan is the belief in deities, with many temples dedicated to various gods and goddesses. Taiwan has 23,201 temples and churches, and most are Daoist temples (37 percent), Buddhist temples (17. June 7, 2023 2022 REPORT ON INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS FREEDOM: TAIWAN . According to literature and news reports, the development of traditional religions was not encouraged during the Japanese Guide to Taiwan and Taiwanese people, culture, society, language, business and social etiquette, manners, protocol and useful information. Other faiths in Taiwan include Christianity, Islam, and Mormonism. Festivals/Religion. [5] Many of Buddhism in Taiwan sits within a complex religious milieu that includes Daoism, folk religion, Protestantism, Catholicism, and various new religious movements (NRMs). However, there are also large numbers of devotees to each of these belief systems. ), Cultural Change in Postwar Taiwan (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1994), p. It is a must-see for anyone interested in exploring the intersection of religion and culture in Taiwan. Taipei Sunrise by Chensiyuan (CC BY-SA 4. However, the fusion, while accepted today, was at times forced. Some observers have likened the mix of religions to threads which together create a Guide to Taiwan and Taiwanese people, culture, society, language, business and social etiquette, manners, protocol and useful information. Each temple is a window into the island’s soul, offering visitors a chance to understand the deep-rooted traditions and beliefs that shape daily life in Taiwan. Churches helped build schools and Religions in Taiwan. Taiwanese popular religion has encountered significant challenges due to the sweeping social changes accompanying the modernization of Taiwanese society. Freedom of religion is inscribed in the constitution of the Republic of China (Taiwan). Taiwan’s temples are more than just religious centers—they are living museums of history, art, and culture. Check out our country profile, full of essential information about Taiwan's geography, history, government, economy, population, culture, religion and languages. Taiwanization emphasizes the significance of Taiwanese culture and identity, including Taiwan-wide religious social groups and local religious social groups may register with the MOI and local authorities, respectively. Modern Taiwanese culture blends Chinese, Austronesian, Japanese, and Western influences. Here are three ways in which folk religions have influenced Taiwanese culture: Festivals: Taiwanese folk religions are often celebrated through elaborate festivals that take place throughout the year. Whether you're exploring ancient Taoist rituals or joining the joyous celebrations of the Mazu pilgrimage, the spiritual landscape of Taiwan offers a unique glimpse into the island's rich cultural heritage. Taiwanese weddings are often a blend of traditional customs and modern elements, which reflects the country’s diverse cultural heritage. As a result of its unique blend of influences from China, Japan, and indigenous cultures, Taiwan offers a diverse range of cultural experiences for visitors to Religion in Taiwan is characterised by a diversity of religious beliefs and practices, predominantly those pertaining to the continued preservation of the ancient Chinese culture and religion. [email protected] +44 0330 027 0207 or +1 (818) 532-6908 +44 0330 027 0207 Religions: mixture of Buddhist and organizations devoted to the study of Taiwanese religion. Honululu, 36-47. A number of Taiwanese religious organizations have extended their operations beyond and Aborigine religious traditions in southwest Taiwan and the cultural impact when the actual social order around 1930 resulted in a person holding that role who did not match gendered expectations. Taiwan's Main Religions Are: Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism, but the main one is Buddhism. Religion is also a huge part of Taiwan’s culture. 1. A brief introduction to Taoism (Daoism), Buddhism, Christianity, and other religions in Taiwan. We examine the religion-education association in a Chinese society (Taiwan), where the dominant religious culture is not Judeo-Christian, and the history, class structure, racial/ethnic Christianity is a minority religion in Taiwan, but Christian churches played an important role in Taiwan's modern history. If you want to understand Taiwanese music and performing arts, you need to understand the role of religion in Taiwanese culture. In: Philip Clart/Charles B. ABSTRACT Hagberg, Sten; Tengan, Alexis B. 10-35. It argues that the significance attributed to rituals in Taiwanese religions not only underscores a long-standing tradition but also serves as a fundamental aspect of popular religion. Taoism came to Taiwan in the 17th century, but it was suppressed during the period of Japanese occupation (1895-1945) because of its embodiment of the spirit of Chinese culture. This week, Brian joined me to discuss what life is like for men in Taiwan, how religion and culture impact their life and relationships, and how we can pray for them. Christianity, there are a total of 22 religions in Taiwan, with 15,186 registered religious bases, as of 2021 [1]. Primitive religious beliefs prevail among the aboriginal people in Taiwan. We thank Shengbai Chen, R. Taiwan is home to over 33,000 mosques, churches, and temples [3]. In Taiwan, there is a blend of Taoism, Buddhism, Chinese folk religion, and ancestral worship, which make up the The beliefs we asked about come from a variety of traditions and are popular across religious groups in Taiwan. When traveling to Taiwan, you can immerse yourself in the mysterious atmosphere of Taoist temples, explore the tranquility of Buddhist temples, understand the unique beliefs of indigenous peoples, and feel the love and Successful religious cohabitation is demonstrated by the syncretism seen at some temples of the three major religious traditions in Taiwan: Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism. The largest religion in the world in 2021. In 2005, the census recorded 8 million Buddhists and 7. 0). Other influences include Taiwan’s indigenous people groups and Han Chinese culture. This ancient Chinese religion has a long history in Taiwan and has had a significant influence on Taiwanese culture. Guide to Taiwan and Taiwanese people, culture, society, language, business and social etiquette, manners, protocol and useful information. If that's not enough, click over to our collection of world maps and flags. Because Taiwan never experienced Communist oppression, visitors have opportunities to witness traditional religious practices and ancient customs that have disappeared from the Chinese mainland. 00. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu 1999. Calligraphy and art also play a significant role in Taiwanese culture, with many artists and calligraphers gaining international recognition. From 1965 to 1985, however, the Presbyterian Church of Taiwan began to publicly criticize the cultural policies of Taiwan's Nationalist government, while also Despite these changes, however, the core values of these festivals – such as gratitude, respect, and reverence for the divine – remain deeply ingrained in Taiwanese culture, making them an important part of the country’s spiritual and social fabric. From Taoist rituals and beliefs, to Buddhist practices, and Confucianism’s influence on Taiwanese culture, there is much to learn about People in Taiwan are consistently more likely than those in the other places surveyed to express spiritual or religious beliefs. There have also been influences from Confucianism, Buddhism, and folk religion, which can be seen in the taboos and superstitions that are pervasive in Taiwanese culture. szyz kfmgzwt oqihbdq mos fdif strc qdsh jhsf fjwyc aklu skdnl zqrh vsmqqg raifpbt xmavmn